![]() Hydrogen cyanide is very volatile, producing potentially lethal concentrations at room temperature. Exposure by any route may cause systemic effects.Īt temperatures below 78 ☏, hydrogen cyanide is a colorless or pale-blue liquid (hydrocyanic acid) at higher temperatures, it is a colorless gas. Substantial absorption can occur through intact skin if vapor concentration is high or with direct contact with solutions, especially at high ambient temperatures and relative humidity. Hydrogen cyanide is absorbed well by inhalation and can produce death within minutes.Hydrogen cyanide has a distinctive bitter almond odor, but some individuals cannot detect it and consequently, it may not provide adequate warning of hazardous concentrations.Hydrogen cyanide gas mixes well with air, and explosive mixtures are easily formed. It is very volatile, readily producing flammable and toxic concentrations at room temperature. Hydrogen cyanide is a colorless or pale-blue liquid at room temperature.Persons whose clothing or skin is contaminated with cyanide-containing solutions can secondarily contaminate response personnel by direct contact or through off-gassing vapor.Aqueous solutions are referred to as hydrocyanic acid and prussic acid. 1988 4:179–206.Medical Management Guidelines for Hydrogen Cyanide Antidotal treatment of acute cyanide poisoning. Clinical features and management of cyanide poisoning. Treatment of cyanide poisoning in children. The clinical experience of acute cyanide poisoning. Acute cyanide poisoning complicated by lactic acidosis and pulmonary edema. Treatment of cyanide poisoning in an industrialized setting. Interaction of cyanide and nitric oxide with cytochrome c oxidase: implications for acute cyanide toxicity. Leavesley HB, Li L, Prabhakaran K, Borowitz JL, Isom GE. Inhibition of cytochrome oxidase in turnover by nitric oxide: mechanism and implications for control of respiration. Recent perspectives on the toxicodynamic basis of cyanide antagonism. Cyanide poisoning successfully treated without “therapeutic methemoglobin levels”. Nitrite/thiosulfate treated acute cyanide poisoning: estimated kinetics after antidote. Clinical and experimental toxicology of cyanides. Clinical toxicology of cyanide: North American clinical experiences. Cyanide intoxication and its mechanism of antagonism. A further study of the mechanism of the action of organic nitrates. Nitrite and nitrate determinations in plasma. Moshage H, Kok B, Huizenga JR, Jansen PLM. Thompson MICROMEDEX, Greenwood Village, CO. ![]() ![]() Foster City: Chemical Toxicology Institute 2000. Disposition of toxic drugs and chemicals in man. Methylene blue, nitrites, and sodium thiosulfate against cyanide poisoning. Sobre un caso de intoxicación por cianuro de potasio tratado con exito por el nitrito de sodio. ![]() Le nitre de sou de comme antidote de l’empoisonnement experimental pa le cyanure de potassium. Antagonism between amyl nitrite and prussic acid. Review article: management of cyanide poisoning. Reade MC, Davies SR, Morley PT, Dennett J, Jacobs IC. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. However, since its approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2006, hydroxocobalamin is considered the preferred cyanide antidote in the USA, Europe, and Australia. These agents have been used for the treatment of cyanide toxicity since the 1930s. In the USA, two nitrite agents were packaged together in the cyanide antidote kit (originally manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company) the current cyanide antidote kit contains sodium nitrite (NaNO 2) injection and sodium thiosulfate injection (Nithiodote®, Hope Pharmaceuticals, Scottsdale, AZ). Animal studies of nitrites for hydrogen sulfide are equivocal. There are no human studies that are available to demonstrate benefits of nitrites in hydrogen sulfide overdoses. Antidotal use of nitrites currently is reserved as a secondary treatment for cyanide poisoning and for consideration in the treatment of severe hydrogen sulfide poisoning. The therapeutic benefit of nitrites was first investigated in the mid-1800s, when nitroglycerin was used as a treatment for angina. Nitrites have been used in a variety of food packaging, manufacturing, and medical settings for more than 150 years.
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